![]() The angle measured from the outgoing ray to the normal is called the reflected angle. The angle measured from the incoming ray to the normal is termed the incident angle. The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane perpendicular to the reflecting surface, known as the plane of incidence. The normal is a line perpendicular to the surface at the point where the incident ray reflects. The angles of the incident and reflected rays are always measured from the normal. The original ray is called the incident ray, and after reflection, it is called the reflected ray. Vision is the result of light reflected from the object.Īs shown in Figure 3, light strikes a mirror and is reflected. Through experience, the viewer has learned to extend the reflected rays entering the eye back to locate the object. ![]() The light reflects off the object and travels in straight lines to the viewer. ![]() In Figure 2, the light is coming from the sun, parallel due to the distance of the source. For an object to be visible, light from a source is reflected off the object into our eyes (except in the special case of phosphors). There are few natural sources of light, such as the sun, stars, and a flame other sources are man‐made, such as electric lights. Most visible objects are seen by reflected light. Rays from the sun are considered to be parallel when reaching the earth. Then, the light rays will be nearly parallel. Rays are perpendicular to the spherical wave fronts.įar from the source, the curvature of the wave front is small, so the wave front appears to be a plane. Depicting light as rays in ray diagrams provides a method to explain the images formed by mirrors and lenses. This straight line path shown by the arrow is called a ray. ![]() The wave fronts are spherical, and the direction of motion of the wave is perpendicular to the wave front, as depicted in Figure. A light source emits light uniformly in all directions of the three‐dimensional world. When an object is dropped in still water, the circular wave fronts that are produced move out from the contact point over the two‐dimensional surface. ![]()
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